Jon, you won't find specific route info, you'll just have to use your best judgment and a few charts, compass etc (notice that I don't say GPS).
From Edmonds it can be done in one day, but from Seattle (you don't say whether north or south) It probably wouldn't work in a day so I'd probably pick a spot - if available - around the north end of Bainbridge.
A few things to think about; since you're scouring the net and books and asking about distances etc, I feel compelled to point out that the questions and obstacles your encountering suggest that you're a relative novice to trip planning and navigation. There are some very real hazards out there such as Admiralty Inlet - which can flow up to 3.5kn, Point No point - tide race/rip, shipping lanes etc that require some thought as to how to deal with them and when the best time to make those crossings.
Not be be snippy, but I presume you're going to tell me that you're an experienced intermediate kayaker etc, but you're talking about approximately 40nm a few crossings, a few Navy bases, and some good navigation issues...I could list a few more but perhaps you get the point.
What I'm saying is be honest with yourself about your abilities/skills and knowledge. What your proposing is simple to plan with the right tools, however, since you seem to be stymied on the basics perhaps some formal education related to navigation and trip planning would be in order.